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www.unendlich-viel-energie.de The secure and constant provision of power anywhere and at anytime by renewable energies is now made possible thanks to the Combined Power Plant. The Combined Power Plant links and controls 36 wind, solar, biomass and hydropower installations spread throughout Germany. It is just as reliable and powerful as a conventional large-scale power station. The Combined Renewable Energy Power Plant shows how, through joint control of small and decentralised plants, it is possible to provide reliable electricity in accordance with needs. The Combined Power Plant optimally combines the advantages of various renewable energy sources. Wind turbines and solar modules help generate electricity in accordance with how much wind and sun is available. Biogas and hydropower are used to make up the difference they are converted into electricity as needed in order to balance out short-term fluctuations, or are temporarily stored. Technically, there is nothing preventing us from 100 per cent provision with renewables. The Combined Power Plant is an initiative of the companies Enercon GmbH, Schmack Biogas AG and SolarWorld AG, and is supported by many partners from the renewable energy sector.
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How do you reconcile increasing power demands with energy efficiency, environmental targets and cost control? Alan Luscombe, sales and marketing director at Uninterruptible Power Supplies Ltd (UPSL), explains how developments in UPS technology are providing flexible solutions.
UPS systems have thoroughly outgrown their origin as simply ‘power protection’ units. The sophistication, significance and sheer scale of the equipment and processes they support has led to equally sophisticated UPS technologies, to the extent that they have moved from ‘backup’, to the forefront of energy management and environmental strategies.
UPS technology advances and system flexibility mean there are now many more opportunities to optimise installations for increased efficiency and availability, or to reduce costs and emissions. Rising energy demand and pricing, along with pressure to shrink carbon footprints, make these achievements all the more desirable.
Power continuity
The proliferation of microprocessor-based equipment in industrial and commercial sectors alike has dramatically increased the numbers and types of electrical load falling into the ‘critical’ category.
For example, the majority of businesses are now heavily reliant on the internet and data processing, for internal operations as well as customer services, and require sizeable IT infrastructures. Expectations of 24/7 availability and the opportunities for round-the-clock global trading and productivity, have in turn driven the need to maximise system uptime, since even minor interruptions to business can cause a significant financial loss.
Uninterrupted mains supply is essential for business critical systems at a time when the National Grid is under pressure to meet growing demand with an aging infrastructure and uncertainty about future energy sources. Independent power protection – and standby generation – are sure to be an increasingly indispensable element of businesses’ energy strategies.
Technology advances
Of the three main types of UPS system, off-line, line-interactive and on-line, implementations of on-line double-conversion UPS systems have proven most effective, especially with critical loads such as computer rooms and data centres, because they offer the most comprehensive protection against mains supply problems and consequently deliver the highest levels of system availability.
Transformer-based on-line UPS, which utilise an internal step-up transformer, were developed in the 1970s and are still in production, particularly at the very top of the output power range. However, with advances in power semiconductor technology, transformerless three-phase UPS systems were introduced in the early 1990s and are now widely adopted, delivering significant weight and space savings and enabling the development of today’s modular, rack-mounted UPS.
Such systems provide high efficiency and power density, and the smallest physical footprint on the market. Compared with traditional free-standing units, they take up only 25 percent of the floor space, and vertically scalable modules mean that additional capacity for redundancy or load upgrades can be easily achieved at a fraction of the cost of an additional stand-alone unit.
Right-sizing
There is huge potential to reduce electricity consumption, and to alleviate the burden on stretched cooling systems, by continually matching the capacity of UPS systems to their respective critical loads. Modular, transformerless UPS systems are much more flexible than their traditional counterparts at matching load requirements and delivering optimum efficiency.
Trying to cater for future needs with stand-alone UPS systems can also lead to over-specification, creating a wasteful gap between installed capacity and the size of the actual critical load. Such inefficiencies mean that companies could be burning excess electricity and creating needless heat emissions, compromising efforts to control costs and reduce their carbon footprint.
Figure1 (a&b) illustrates how the ability to ‘right-size’ modular UPS systems promotes efficiency. The limited flexibility of a stand-alone UPS would require the initial installed power to exceed anticipated capacity requirements, resulting in an inefficient, over-sized system. However, the flexibility and scalability of modular rack-mounted systems means they can be ‘right-sized’ from the outset by inserting or removing ‘hot-swappable’ modules, enabling power to be cost-effectively added as requirements grow and without any footprint penalty.
Availability
Since power problems are the largest single cause of computer downtime, increasing power availability is the most effective way to increase overall systems availability. The single most important issue in increasing power availability is to decrease the mean time to repair (MTTR) of the power protection system.
In figure2, the availability of a traditional UPS system and an advanced modular UPS system are compared. The UPS system on the left comprises two 120kVA free-standing UPSs in 1+1 parallel-redundant configuration, and the one on the right comprises four 40kVA ‘hot-swappable’ UPS modules in 3+1 parallel-redundant configuration.
Their Mean Time Before Failure (MTBFs) are 600,000 and 400,000 hours, and their MTTRs are 6 hours and 0.5 hours respectively. However, the availability of the free standing solution is 0.99999 (five nines) while the modular solution provides an availability of 0.999999 (six nines). This higher availability increases overall system availability by a factor of 10 compared to free-standing (non-modular) UPS systems.
Decentralised UPS
Parallel UPS systems comprise either centralised parallel architecture (CPA) or decentralised parallel architecture (DPA). While CPA systems offer a cost benefit by sharing common components, the drawback is that this centralised configuration introduces a number of ‘single points of failure’ into the system, which adversely affect its availability.
UPSL pioneered the development of advanced decentralised parallel architecture, paving the way for the high-power PowerWAVE 9000DPA system, now complemented by the new 8000DPA for small to medium applications (10kVA to 120KVA).
As well as valuable efficiency benefits and low total cost of ownership, decentralised UPS configurations offer maximum system availability. Paralleled and independent UPS modules, containing all the hardware and software required for full system operation, eliminate potential single points of failure by cost effectively duplicating all critical components within each module. With a minimum of one module over and above that required by the ‘capacity’ system, the load is supported with inverter power if any one module shuts down, thereby increasing system reliability and giving guaranteed system uptime.
DPA technology undoubtedly comes at a premium, but the lower purchase price of traditional UPSs must be offset by significantly greater operating expenses. Reductions in energy loss costs with modular DPA systems mean the higher initial outlay can be recouped within the first year of operation, with further savings achievable in the longer term – more than £25,000 over five years in the example illustrated by figure 3. In addition, the elimination of single points of failure means that modern UPSs also provide enhanced protection against revenue losses and costs caused by system failures.
Environmental agenda
Understandably during a recession, self-preservation may have momentarily taken priority over saving the environment (business closure being an undesirable means of ‘cutting emissions’). However, taking care of the bottom line now more often involves reliance on the continuous uptime of business critical IT, communication and production facilities. UPS systems, thankfully, can simultaneously support financial and environmental goals without compromise.
Typical media images of factories belching pollution belie the fact that technology intensive businesses, and data centres in particular, are responsible for a significant proportion of greenhouse gas emissions. According to a 2008 McKinsey report, today’s energy intensive data centres emit as much carbon dioxide as the whole of Argentina, with output liable to quadruple by the year 2020.
The Climate Change Act 2008 includes a statutory target to reduce UK greenhouse gas emissions to at least 80 per cent below 1990 levels by 2050. Latest projections suggest that net UK greenhouse gas emissions will be 36% below the 1990 level by 2020, and are on a path to meet the 2050 target.
However, Uptime Institute research suggests that energy consumption in the top third of surveyed data centres grew 20 to 30 percent annually in 2006 and 2007, so there is still a clear onus on businesses to adopt more rigorous energy efficiency strategies.
While poor utilisation of servers and facilities is a major cause of inefficiency, modern UPS technology offers significant opportunities to improve not only energy consumption but also to reduce emissions. Modular on-line double-conversion UPS systems are helping organisations become more energy efficient, qualify for tax incentives and comply with government initiatives to promote energy efficiency.
Business research and consulting firm Frost & Sullivan has highlighted rising energy costs, declining power quality and concerns over carbon emissions, and notes that it is vital for applications consuming high levels of power, such as data centres and industrial applications, to adopt energy-efficient UPS.
In fact, UPS customers are increasingly seeking modular, rack-mountable solutions, not only to maximise system flexibility and availability, but to meet wider strategic aims on energy efficiency and environmental compliance.
Alan Luscombe is the sales and marketing director for Uninterruptible Power Supplies Limited. He has over 20 years experience in power technology and is the co author of ‘The UPS handbook’, the definitive guide to the UPS industry. The book is now in its third edition and has sold over 30,000 copies worldwide
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With the World slowly and surely moving into a dreaded energy crisis, it is important for us to now think of other sources of energy and reduce our dependency on non-renewable sources. The so-called non-renewable sources are becoming extinct. Some reports suggest that the present Oil reserves will deplete by 2050 at the present rate of consumption.
So, it is high time that we think of other sources of energy like renewable sources which as the name itself suggests are RENEWABLE.
There are most importantly 3 sources of renewable energy namely – 1. Hydro or Water 2. Solar or the Sun power 3. Wind Power. Let’s take each individually
1. Hydro — This type of energy is produced by building huge hydro electric generating stations whereby water which is stored in reservoirs are let out and pass them through generators to create electricity. This type of generating electricity is one of the oldest and is also capital intensive meaning it requires huge investments.
2. Solar / Sun Power – This is generating electricity by using the power of the Sun. As you know, Sun power is unlimited and is available in abundancy and all the more important it is FREE. We are blessed with this power which is being wasted without harnessing it. We can generate electricity by building Solar Panels and capturing the Solar Power in the Panels which are made up of Solar cells also known as Photovoltaic Cells.
3. wind power – This is another type of power which is available in abundancy and again is FREE. Electricity can be generated by building Windmills which rotate when there is wind blowing and generate electricity through a generator.
Nowadays, the Technology is so improved that we can build our own Solar Panels or Wind Power Generators at home with materials available in our local hardware stores to generate electricity. This way we can eliminate or reduce our Electricity bill.
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These days, more and more alternative energy sources are being used each and every day. With the gas crisis and other environmental issues arising, we need to look into alternative methods for energy. Some of these alternative methods have been around for some time, proving themselves and showing people that the energy they provide is something people can rely on. The two main sources are wind and solar energy. For this article, I’m going to touch more on wind energy, and how you can build your own wind generator to power small appliances around your home!
Using a homebuilt wind generator for power is one of the ways you can help contribute to conserving energy. Not only that, but building one of these machines can be cost-effective, and fun to do! The supplies required to build one of these can be found at your local hardware store. Generally, you can get supplies for less than $200. If you really wanted to save some extra cash AND help save the earth, you could opt to find recycled parts. You can easily find steel tubing and other materials needs at a local recycling center. Using recycled parts is a big way to show that you are really in with the “green movement”.
Lastly, in order to build an effective wind generator, you need a great set of instructions, or a detailed guide to follow along with. You really can’t build one of these yourself without this, unless you know someone who builds wind generators for a living. A great set of instructions will be the difference in whether your machine will perform great or be a flop.
So, now you are aware of what it takes to make your own wind generator. If you’re into alternative energy, consider building one and help save the earth. You never know – You’re skills might come in handy some day when alternative energy is used all over the world!
Are you in search for instructions on how to make a wind generator? Earth4Energy is a complete guide that provides full, detailed instructions on how to build your own wind generator!
In the present time homemade solar power is helping people to preserve electricity in an immense manner. Since electricity expenses are unsteady and escalating incessantly many house owners are undergoing the anxiety of finding another option. It will assist in minimizing power consumption to a good stage in addition to by chance lessen the information for the bills every month in addition to. Homemade solar power is a very good answer. Anyone may try to make use of homemade wind turbine to bring down cost of energy And everyone can employ additional options bringing down energy use in a dwelling. Straightforward rules that the capacity to aid someone subsequently but learning to make tools to construct homemade solar power acts a practical resolution.
Operation of Homemade Solar Panels
It is very necessary to note the manner in which homemade solar panels are used. Home solar power panels do their job for generating electrical power with the help of a few sun light wavelengths. Ensure every part of the homemade solar panels receive fixed light of the sun for working in an effectual way. The device for solar power even entail less hotness.
At the present time it appears less problematic than early days for making your individual gadget to generate solar power for homes because various modes of techniques and equipment you can get. Everyone’s individual homemade solar panels could give an effectual way to get personal solar power electricity. That is a great manner to save on upcoming power charges in your dwelling or even your car.
Homemade Solar Power Panel Crafting
It appears simple for making an individual’s own panel to trap sun’s energy. Each and every constituent required to make a person’s own panel for solar energy can be availed with ease in the form of several supplies. Common components basically are a soldering iron, solar cells, solder, stuff for tabbing, and flux. Modern kits generally contain detailed steps on how any person can construct a solar panel. In your address no one requires assistance from a professional for building equipment supporting homemade solar power. That any person should execute is going behind all those uncomplicated procedures that any person gets with the device. All steps are simple for interpreting and implementing. You may look up internet debates for inquiring the persons who were able to create same kinds of solar panels earlier. A homemade solar power machine is a wonderful money saver.
Homemade Solar Power :Unproblematic Way Out
In case someone desires additional energy production at that time he or she could bring in additional devices to produce extra energy. The government of USA in the year 2005 approved of a law interrelated with energy which accepted a 30% tax credit of the price of solar device coordination.
The benefit of building and also fixing homemade solar panels is all panels look friendly with ecology. Many kinds of electrical energy scatter a lot of detrimental things which lead to air pollution as well as a mixture of smoke and fog however solar energy does not emit hazardous discharge. Homemade solar power provides a huge foundation for a form of power that is green.
To know further about solar power and homemade solar power the section offers detailed knowledge.
There are three feasible energy providers other than crude oil and coal. They are the wind, sun(solar power), and nuclear plant.
The solar energy is a free source of electricity. We basically receive sunlight everyday so it is wise to put sunlight into good use. Unlike gasoline, solar energy does not produce a by-product that harms the environment. The solar energy will let you save more, do more and conserve more. You can have a solar generator at your own home right now.
Save More
Installing solar panels at your house may be a little expensive at first. But once you get to run the equipment, you will be able to spend a little or no money in the next months.
Do more
Since the electricity you receive is from the sun, you have the opportunity to use more electricity at lesser cost. This ensures productivity.
Solar energy at home allows you to make a solar cooker. A solar cooker basically cooks food without the need of fuel. The small container can cook meals for up to 5 people. You can boil, roast, bake, and even fry in it. Food may take time to cook in the solar cooker but given that it saves me on the fuel, I’d rather catch the opportunity.
Solar home lighting allows you to store solar energy for later use. The solar panels have cells that trap the energy and are readily utilized when you need a light.
During those cold nights, you might just want to avail of the solar heating system. Today’s solar heating panels are aesthetically pleasing so you can decorate your house with it without looking like a laboratory. It is a bit expensive but your investment will return in 3 to 4 years and you will enjoy a free hot bath after that.
Conserve More
By using solar energy, you will help in preserving the non renewable sources of energy. You also save the environment from pollution caused by burning of fuel. It’s time to move today while it is not yet too late.
Discover how you can lower your electric bill by up to 80% – Home Built Wind Power Generator